Which type of network topology allows for direct communication between devices?

Peer-to-peer topology facilitates direct communication between devices by allowing each device on the network to connect with others without needing a centralized server. In this topology, all devices (or peers) have equal capabilities and responsibilities, enabling them to send and receive data directly from one another. This leads to a decentralized network structure where resources and data are shared directly, making it efficient for certain types of applications, such as file sharing or collaborative work.

Other topologies, such as star, bus, and ring, typically involve some hierarchical structure or centralized management that can limit direct communication. For instance, in a star topology, all devices are connected through a central hub, which means devices communicate indirectly via the hub rather than directly with each other. Similarly, bus topology relies on a single central cable, and ring topology connects devices in a circular manner, both of which also restrict direct device-to-device communication. The peer-to-peer structure, however, is specifically designed for and best suited to facilitate that direct interaction.