Which type of malware includes threats like ransomware and spyware?

The correct answer is the classification that encompasses all types of malware, including ransomware and spyware. Ransomware is a type of malicious software that locks or encrypts files and demands payment for access, showcasing the threat to data integrity and availability. Spyware, on the other hand, is designed to gather information from a victim's system without their knowledge, often leading to privacy concerns and identity theft.

Rootkits, worms, and Trojans are specific categories of malware. Rootkits are used to gain unauthorized root access to a system while remaining hidden. Worms are self-replicating malware that spreads across networks without user intervention. Trojans are disguised as legitimate software but execute harmful actions once installed.

By including ransomware and spyware under the umbrella of malware types, the answer reflects a holistic view of the threats present in the cybersecurity landscape. This is important as it highlights how diverse and pervasive malware can be, and understanding these categories promotes better defense strategies against them.