What security measure helps to ensure data integrity during transmission?

Encryption helps to ensure data integrity during transmission by converting the original information into a coded format that can only be read by someone who has the appropriate key or decryption algorithm. This process not only secures the data from unauthorized access but also safeguards against data tampering. When data is transmitted, encryption adds a layer of protection that verifies whether the data remains unaltered during transmission.

If the data is intercepted while encrypted, any changes made to it would likely render it unreadable or result in an error on decryption, indicating that the integrity has been compromised. This is crucial for maintaining the trustworthiness of data exchanged over networks, especially in sensitive communications such as financial transactions or confidential information sharing.

The other options, such as access controls, intrusion detection systems, and antivirus software, have important functions in the realm of security, but they primarily focus on preventing unauthorized access, detecting malicious activities, or combating malware, rather than specifically ensuring the integrity of data during transmission.