What function does ransomware perform?

Ransomware is a type of malicious software designed to restrict access to a user's data or system until a ransom is paid. It typically encrypts files or locks users out of their systems, rendering the data inaccessible. The attacker demands payment, usually in cryptocurrency, in exchange for the decryption key or access to the system. This financial motivation is what distinguishes ransomware from other types of malware, as its primary goal is extortion.

In contrast, gathering information about the user refers to spyware, which is specifically designed to monitor user activities and collect personal data. Displaying advertisements to the user is characteristic of adware, which generates revenue by interrupting the user experience with ads. Self-replicating without user interaction relates to worms, a type of malware that spreads autonomously across networks. Each of these categories has distinct behaviors and objectives, which is what makes ransomware specifically focused on access restriction for ransom payment.