What does non-repudiation provide regarding user actions?

Non-repudiation refers to the assurance that someone cannot deny the validity of their actions. It provides proof that a specific user took a particular action, making it a critical concept in security and data integrity. This principle is often implemented through mechanisms such as digital signatures and audit logs. These methods ensure that the identity of the user who performed an action is verifiable, thus holding them accountable for their behavior.

The context of non-repudiation is vital in areas such as legal agreements, online transactions, and security policies, since it instills confidence that actions are traceable to specific individuals. This prevents users from denying participation in actions that may lead to security breaches or fraudulent activities. Hence, the correct answer appropriately captures the essence of what non-repudiation provides.