What action is recommended for email security to prevent spam and malware?

Removing email addresses from websites is recommended for enhancing email security and preventing spam and malware because it makes it more difficult for automated bots to scrape these addresses for spam campaigns. By obscuring or omitting email addresses on public-facing websites, organizations can significantly reduce the likelihood of their email addresses being harvested by malicious actors, which in turn lowers the volume of unwanted and harmful email traffic.

The other options present approaches that would compromise security rather than enhance it. Using fewer security measures may leave systems vulnerable to various attacks, while keeping all communications unencrypted creates risks around data interception and unauthorized access to sensitive information. Allowing open mail relays would enable unrestricted email flow, often becoming a gateway for spammers to disseminate unsolicited emails and malware. Thus, the choice to remove email addresses from public visibility stands out as a proactive measure to bolster email security.